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互联网创业的准备——web server:apache、nginx、lighttpd与php module、fastcgi
阅读量:7240 次
发布时间:2019-06-29

本文共 8826 字,大约阅读时间需要 29 分钟。

测试环境:

vr.org 的 VPS

CPU:2核共享

内存:512M独立

OS:Ubuntu 12.04 LTS x64

uname -a
u1@www:~$ cat /etc/lsb-release DISTRIB_ID=UbuntuDISTRIB_RELEASE=12.04DISTRIB_CODENAME=preciseDISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu 12.04 LTS"u1@www:~$ uname -aLinux www.shaixuan.org 3.4.0-cloud #1 SMP Thu May 24 04:54:53 EDT 2012 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linuxu1@www:~$ toptop - 23:57:39 up  1:38,  2 users,  load average: 0.04, 0.03, 0.16Tasks:  55 total,   1 running,  54 sleeping,   0 stopped,   0 zombieCpu(s):  0.7%us,  0.4%sy,  0.0%ni, 97.6%id,  0.1%wa,  0.0%hi,  0.1%si,  1.1%stMem:    506764k total,   125264k used,   381500k free,     7736k buffersSwap:   499708k total,        0k used,   499708k free,    70096k cached

软件版本:Apache httpd 2.4.3、nginx 1.2.3、lighttpd 1.4.31、php 5.4.6

 

结论:

静态服务器:

并发:nginx(17000)> lighttpd(14000)> apache(5000)

注意:lighttpd开启gzip压缩时,无法禁用etag……不建议使用。参考:

 

动态服务器:

大约并发:nginx + php-fpm(1500)> lighttpd + spawn-fcgi(1000)>apache + php module(400)

注意:web server与fastcgi在同一个机器时,建议使用unix domain socket,比tcp socket效果好一点点。

 

虽然apache httpd 2.4 像 nginx一样使用了epoll,但是性能还是比nginx低很多。

服务器OS一定要使用Linux 2.6内核及更高,因为才能支持epoll。

建议服务器使用Ubuntu server LTS x64,因为工程师PC使用Ubuntu x64较多(Ubuntu的显卡驱动安装方便),这样编译部署都一致。

Ubuntu、CentOS等各个Linux发行版对服务器来说没有区别,内核都一样,挑一个顺手的即可。

 

参考互联网公司的web server:

163.com 静态nginx
t.qq.com 静态squid,动态nginx
taobao.com 静态Tengine,动态Tengine(nginx衍生版)
小米论坛 静态Tengine,动态Tengine
百度 静态lighttpd,动态lighttpd(有etag)

 

 

 

测试过程:

Apache httpd 2.4.3

编译参数:

apache
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2 --with-apr=/usr/local/apr --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util/ --with-pcre=/home/u1/pcre-8.30 --enable-so --enable-rewrite --enable-deflate --with-module=metadata:expires

MPM:默认event

httpd -V
root@www:/usr/local/apache2/bin# ./httpd -VServer version: Apache/2.4.3 (Unix)Server built:   Aug 26 2012 10:27:04Server's Module Magic Number: 20120211:6Server loaded:  APR 1.4.6, APR-UTIL 1.4.1Compiled using: APR 1.4.6, APR-UTIL 1.4.1Architecture:   64-bitServer MPM:     event  threaded:     yes (fixed thread count)    forked:     yes (variable process count)Server compiled with.... -D APR_HAS_SENDFILE -D APR_HAS_MMAP -D APR_HAVE_IPV6 (IPv4-mapped addresses enabled) -D APR_USE_SYSVSEM_SERIALIZE -D APR_USE_PTHREAD_SERIALIZE -D APR_HAS_OTHER_CHILD -D AP_HAVE_RELIABLE_PIPED_LOGS -D DYNAMIC_MODULE_LIMIT=256 -D HTTPD_ROOT="/usr/local/apache2" -D SUEXEC_BIN="/usr/local/apache2/bin/suexec" -D DEFAULT_PIDLOG="logs/httpd.pid" -D DEFAULT_SCOREBOARD="logs/apache_runtime_status" -D DEFAULT_ERRORLOG="logs/error_log" -D AP_TYPES_CONFIG_FILE="conf/mime.types" -D SERVER_CONFIG_FILE="conf/httpd.conf"

默认并发400,MaxRequestWorkers即以前的MaxClients,参考:

StartServers 3 MinSpareThreads 75 MaxSpareThreads 250 ThreadsPerChild 25 MaxRequestWorkers 400 MaxConnectionsPerChild 0

并发改成40000,提示错误,加上ServerLimit即可:

u1@www:~$ sudo vi /usr/local/apache2/conf/extra/httpd-mpm.conf u1@www:~$ sudo vi /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.confu1@www:~$ sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restartAH00515: WARNING: MaxRequestWorkers of 40000 would require 1600 servers and  would exceed ServerLimit of 16, decreasing to 400. To increase, please see the ServerLimit directive.

 

nginx 1.2.3:

编译参数:

View Code
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-pcre=/usr/local/pcre

 

lighttpd 1.4.31:

默认并发1024,server.max-fds最大可修改为65535,server.max-connections最大可修改为32767:

193 ##194 ## As lighttpd is a single-threaded server, its main resource limit is195 ## the number of file descriptors, which is set to 1024 by default (on196 ## most systems).197 ##198 ## If you are running a high-traffic site you might want to increase this199 ## limit by setting server.max-fds.200 ##201 ## Changing this setting requires root permissions on startup. see202 ## server.username/server.groupname.203 ##204 ## By default lighttpd would not change the operation system default.205 ## But setting it to 2048 is a better default for busy servers.206 ##207 server.max-fds = 2048218 219 ##220 ## Fine tuning for the request handling221 ##222 ## max-connections == max-fds/2 (maybe /3)223 ## means the other file handles are used for fastcgi/files224 ##225 server.max-connections = 1024

 

 

1、静态服务器测试

即apache、nginx、lighttpd性能对比。

服务器相同配置 :

开启gzip、关闭etag

测试程序和web server在同一台服务器上,测试命令:

ab -c 1000 -n 50000 http://localhost/index.htmlsiege -c 1000 -r 20 http://localhost/index.html

 

apache:html文件13k,gzip压缩为4.9k

header:

apache

测试结果:

并发  httpd子进程数 整机512M内存使用率 CPU使用率 iowait
0 3 19% 0 0
1000 10 30% 38% 0
3000 14 60% 38% 0
5000 10-30 65%-99% 20%-40% 0-30
8000 100 99% 3%-50% 20-100

 

 

nginx:html文件13.2k,gzip压缩为5.34k

header:

nginx
Request URL:http://shaixuan.org/index.htmlRequest Method:GETStatus Code:200 OKRequest Headersview sourceAccept:text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8Accept-Charset:UTF-8,*;q=0.5Accept-Encoding:gzip,deflate,sdchAccept-Language:zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,en-US;q=0.6,en;q=0.4Cache-Control:no-cacheConnection:keep-aliveHost:shaixuan.orgPragma:no-cacheUser-Agent:Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.8 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/23.0.1251.2 Safari/537.8Response Headersview sourceConnection:keep-aliveContent-Encoding:gzipContent-Type:text/htmlDate:Mon, 03 Sep 2012 13:19:23 GMTLast-Modified:Mon, 03 Sep 2012 12:33:45 GMTServer:nginx/1.2.3Transfer-Encoding:chunked

测试结果:

 并发 整机512M内存使用率 CPU使用率 iowait
0 29% 0 0
1000 35% 40% 0
3000 46% 43% 0
5000 55% 42% 0-1
8000 65% 45% 0
15000 88% 45% 0
17000 97% 47% 0

 

lighttpd:html文件13k,gzip压缩为4.96k

header:

lighttpd
Request URL:http://shaixuan.org/Request Method:GETStatus Code:200 OKRequest Headersview sourceAccept:text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8Accept-Charset:UTF-8,*;q=0.5Accept-Encoding:gzip,deflate,sdchAccept-Language:zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,en-US;q=0.6,en;q=0.4Cache-Control:max-age=0Connection:keep-aliveHost:shaixuan.orgPragma:no-cacheUser-Agent:Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.8 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/23.0.1251.2 Safari/537.8Response Headersview sourceAccept-Ranges:bytesContent-Encoding:gzipContent-Length:4819Content-Type:text/htmlDate:Tue, 04 Sep 2012 12:51:42 GMTETag:"1028714895"Last-Modified:Tue, 04 Sep 2012 12:29:10 GMTServer:lighttpd/1.4.31Vary:Accept-Encoding

测试结果:

 并发 整机512M内存使用率 CPU使用率 iowait
0 29% 0 0
1000     0
3000 46% 41% 0-6
5000 60% 40% 0-1
8000 75% 45% 0
12000 81% 35% 0
14000 87% 36% 0
16000 99% 40% 0

 

 

2、动态服务器测试

即apache + php module、nginx + php-fpm、nginx + php-cgi、lighttpd + spawn-fcgi对比。

测试命令:

siege -c 1200 -r 20 http://localhost/phpinfo.php/usr/local/apache2/bin/ab -c 100 -t 50 http://localhost/phpinfo.php

 

 

php版本 5.4.6,测试代码phpinfo();

 

apache + php module:php文件63.57k,gzip压缩为11.21k

测试结果:

 并发 整机512M内存使用率 CPU使用率 iowait
0 29% 0 0
100 68% 8% 0
200 72% 10% 0
400 95% 10% 0
600 99% 15% 1-15

 

nginx + php-fpm(多个php-fpm子进程):php文件57.41k,gzip压缩为10.84k

phpinfo显示Server API:FPM/FastCGI

fastcgi的socket方式:tcp socket

php编译参数:

php-fpm
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php-fpm --enable-fpm --with-fpm-user=www-data --with-fpm-group=www-data --with-curl --with-mcrypt --enable-mbstring --enable-pdo --with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd --with-mysqli=mysqlnd --enable-zip

测试结果:

 并发 整机512M内存使用率 CPU使用率 iowait siege成功率
0 33% 0 0  
100 37% 8% 0 100%
200        
400 45% 10% 0 99.96%
800 55% 14个php-fpm,每个5.9M 12% 0 96.31%
1000 60% 10% 0 90.77%
1200 69%,Linux file限制,测试出错 30%    

 

nginx + php-fpm(多个php-fpm子进程):php文件54.57k,gzip压缩为9.16k

phpinfo显示Server API:FPM/FastCGI

fastcgi的socket方式:unix domain socket

测试结果:

 并发 整机512M内存使用率 CPU使用率 iowait siege成功率
0 32% 0 0  
100 35% 7% 0 100%
200 40% 12% 0 100%
400 43% 14% 0 100%
800 55% 14% 0 96.70%
1000 60% 21个php-fpm,每个5.9M 14% 0 92.02%
1200 50%,Linux file限制,测试出错 50%  0 49%

 

nginx + 一个php-cgi:php文件64.65k,gzip压缩为11.89k 

sudo /usr/local/php-fpm/bin/php-cgi -b 9000 -q

php-cgi可以常驻(long-live)监听一个端口,所以是fastcgi,但是由于没有进程管理器,只能启动一个进程,并发承受力低。

phpinfo显示Server API:FPM/FastCGI

测试结果:

并发100时,经过5秒,php-cgi崩溃退出。

 

lighttpd + lighttpd自带的spawn-fcgi进程管理器(多个php-cgi子进程):php文件58.68k,gzip压缩为9.83k 

phpinfo显示Server API:CGI/FastCGI

fastcgi的socket方式:unix domain socket

lighttpd的fastcgi.conf配置:

fastcgi.server
22 fastcgi.server = ( ".php" => 23                    ( "php-local" => 24                      ( 25                        "socket" => socket_dir + "/php-fastcgi-1.socket", 26                        "bin-path" => "/usr/local/php-fpm/bin/php-cgi", 27                        "max-procs" => 2, 28                        "broken-scriptfilename" => "enable", 29                        "bin-environment" => ( 30                          "PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN" => "16", 31                          "PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS" => "500", 32                        ), 33                      ) 34                    ),

测试结果:

 

 并发 整机512M内存使用率 CPU使用率 iowait siege成功率
0 53% 34个php-cgi进程,每个3M 0 0  
100 65% 每个5.3M 10% 0  
200 65% 每个5.7M 10% 0 100%
400 72% 每个5.7M 11% 0 100%
800 84% 每个5.7M 10% 0 99.49%
1000 90% 每个5.7M 12% 0 97.41%
1200 Linux file限制,测试出错      

 

参考资料:

转载地址:http://fuybm.baihongyu.com/

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