测试环境:
vr.org 的 VPS
CPU:2核共享
内存:512M独立
OS:Ubuntu 12.04 LTS x64
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u1@www:~$ cat /etc/lsb-release DISTRIB_ID=UbuntuDISTRIB_RELEASE=12.04DISTRIB_CODENAME=preciseDISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu 12.04 LTS"u1@www:~$ uname -aLinux www.shaixuan.org 3.4.0-cloud #1 SMP Thu May 24 04:54:53 EDT 2012 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linuxu1@www:~$ toptop - 23:57:39 up 1:38, 2 users, load average: 0.04, 0.03, 0.16Tasks: 55 total, 1 running, 54 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombieCpu(s): 0.7%us, 0.4%sy, 0.0%ni, 97.6%id, 0.1%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.1%si, 1.1%stMem: 506764k total, 125264k used, 381500k free, 7736k buffersSwap: 499708k total, 0k used, 499708k free, 70096k cached
软件版本:Apache httpd 2.4.3、nginx 1.2.3、lighttpd 1.4.31、php 5.4.6
结论:
静态服务器:
并发:nginx(17000)> lighttpd(14000)> apache(5000)
注意:lighttpd开启gzip压缩时,无法禁用etag……不建议使用。参考:
动态服务器:
大约并发:nginx + php-fpm(1500)> lighttpd + spawn-fcgi(1000)>apache + php module(400)
注意:web server与fastcgi在同一个机器时,建议使用unix domain socket,比tcp socket效果好一点点。
虽然apache httpd 2.4 像 nginx一样使用了epoll,但是性能还是比nginx低很多。
服务器OS一定要使用Linux 2.6内核及更高,因为才能支持epoll。
建议服务器使用Ubuntu server LTS x64,因为工程师PC使用Ubuntu x64较多(Ubuntu的显卡驱动安装方便),这样编译部署都一致。
Ubuntu、CentOS等各个Linux发行版对服务器来说没有区别,内核都一样,挑一个顺手的即可。
参考互联网公司的web server:
163.com | 静态nginx |
t.qq.com | 静态squid,动态nginx |
taobao.com | 静态Tengine,动态Tengine(nginx衍生版) |
小米论坛 | 静态Tengine,动态Tengine |
百度 | 静态lighttpd,动态lighttpd(有etag) |
测试过程:
Apache httpd 2.4.3
编译参数:
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./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2 --with-apr=/usr/local/apr --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util/ --with-pcre=/home/u1/pcre-8.30 --enable-so --enable-rewrite --enable-deflate --with-module=metadata:expires
MPM:默认event
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root@www:/usr/local/apache2/bin# ./httpd -VServer version: Apache/2.4.3 (Unix)Server built: Aug 26 2012 10:27:04Server's Module Magic Number: 20120211:6Server loaded: APR 1.4.6, APR-UTIL 1.4.1Compiled using: APR 1.4.6, APR-UTIL 1.4.1Architecture: 64-bitServer MPM: event threaded: yes (fixed thread count) forked: yes (variable process count)Server compiled with.... -D APR_HAS_SENDFILE -D APR_HAS_MMAP -D APR_HAVE_IPV6 (IPv4-mapped addresses enabled) -D APR_USE_SYSVSEM_SERIALIZE -D APR_USE_PTHREAD_SERIALIZE -D APR_HAS_OTHER_CHILD -D AP_HAVE_RELIABLE_PIPED_LOGS -D DYNAMIC_MODULE_LIMIT=256 -D HTTPD_ROOT="/usr/local/apache2" -D SUEXEC_BIN="/usr/local/apache2/bin/suexec" -D DEFAULT_PIDLOG="logs/httpd.pid" -D DEFAULT_SCOREBOARD="logs/apache_runtime_status" -D DEFAULT_ERRORLOG="logs/error_log" -D AP_TYPES_CONFIG_FILE="conf/mime.types" -D SERVER_CONFIG_FILE="conf/httpd.conf"
默认并发400,MaxRequestWorkers即以前的MaxClients,参考:
StartServers 3 MinSpareThreads 75 MaxSpareThreads 250 ThreadsPerChild 25 MaxRequestWorkers 400 MaxConnectionsPerChild 0
并发改成40000,提示错误,加上ServerLimit即可:
u1@www:~$ sudo vi /usr/local/apache2/conf/extra/httpd-mpm.conf u1@www:~$ sudo vi /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.confu1@www:~$ sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restartAH00515: WARNING: MaxRequestWorkers of 40000 would require 1600 servers and would exceed ServerLimit of 16, decreasing to 400. To increase, please see the ServerLimit directive.
nginx 1.2.3:
编译参数:
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./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-pcre=/usr/local/pcre
lighttpd 1.4.31:
默认并发1024,server.max-fds最大可修改为65535,server.max-connections最大可修改为32767:
193 ##194 ## As lighttpd is a single-threaded server, its main resource limit is195 ## the number of file descriptors, which is set to 1024 by default (on196 ## most systems).197 ##198 ## If you are running a high-traffic site you might want to increase this199 ## limit by setting server.max-fds.200 ##201 ## Changing this setting requires root permissions on startup. see202 ## server.username/server.groupname.203 ##204 ## By default lighttpd would not change the operation system default.205 ## But setting it to 2048 is a better default for busy servers.206 ##207 server.max-fds = 2048218 219 ##220 ## Fine tuning for the request handling221 ##222 ## max-connections == max-fds/2 (maybe /3)223 ## means the other file handles are used for fastcgi/files224 ##225 server.max-connections = 1024
1、静态服务器测试
即apache、nginx、lighttpd性能对比。
服务器相同配置 :
开启gzip、关闭etag
测试程序和web server在同一台服务器上,测试命令:
ab -c 1000 -n 50000 http://localhost/index.htmlsiege -c 1000 -r 20 http://localhost/index.html
apache:html文件13k,gzip压缩为4.9k
header:
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测试结果:
并发 | httpd子进程数 | 整机512M内存使用率 | CPU使用率 | iowait |
0 | 3 | 19% | 0 | 0 |
1000 | 10 | 30% | 38% | 0 |
3000 | 14 | 60% | 38% | 0 |
5000 | 10-30 | 65%-99% | 20%-40% | 0-30 |
8000 | 100 | 99% | 3%-50% | 20-100 |
nginx:html文件13.2k,gzip压缩为5.34k
header:
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Request URL:http://shaixuan.org/index.htmlRequest Method:GETStatus Code:200 OKRequest Headersview sourceAccept:text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8Accept-Charset:UTF-8,*;q=0.5Accept-Encoding:gzip,deflate,sdchAccept-Language:zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,en-US;q=0.6,en;q=0.4Cache-Control:no-cacheConnection:keep-aliveHost:shaixuan.orgPragma:no-cacheUser-Agent:Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.8 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/23.0.1251.2 Safari/537.8Response Headersview sourceConnection:keep-aliveContent-Encoding:gzipContent-Type:text/htmlDate:Mon, 03 Sep 2012 13:19:23 GMTLast-Modified:Mon, 03 Sep 2012 12:33:45 GMTServer:nginx/1.2.3Transfer-Encoding:chunked
测试结果:
并发 | 整机512M内存使用率 | CPU使用率 | iowait |
0 | 29% | 0 | 0 |
1000 | 35% | 40% | 0 |
3000 | 46% | 43% | 0 |
5000 | 55% | 42% | 0-1 |
8000 | 65% | 45% | 0 |
15000 | 88% | 45% | 0 |
17000 | 97% | 47% | 0 |
lighttpd:html文件13k,gzip压缩为4.96k
header:
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Request URL:http://shaixuan.org/Request Method:GETStatus Code:200 OKRequest Headersview sourceAccept:text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8Accept-Charset:UTF-8,*;q=0.5Accept-Encoding:gzip,deflate,sdchAccept-Language:zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,en-US;q=0.6,en;q=0.4Cache-Control:max-age=0Connection:keep-aliveHost:shaixuan.orgPragma:no-cacheUser-Agent:Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.8 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/23.0.1251.2 Safari/537.8Response Headersview sourceAccept-Ranges:bytesContent-Encoding:gzipContent-Length:4819Content-Type:text/htmlDate:Tue, 04 Sep 2012 12:51:42 GMTETag:"1028714895"Last-Modified:Tue, 04 Sep 2012 12:29:10 GMTServer:lighttpd/1.4.31Vary:Accept-Encoding
测试结果:
并发 | 整机512M内存使用率 | CPU使用率 | iowait |
0 | 29% | 0 | 0 |
1000 | 0 | ||
3000 | 46% | 41% | 0-6 |
5000 | 60% | 40% | 0-1 |
8000 | 75% | 45% | 0 |
12000 | 81% | 35% | 0 |
14000 | 87% | 36% | 0 |
16000 | 99% | 40% | 0 |
2、动态服务器测试
即apache + php module、nginx + php-fpm、nginx + php-cgi、lighttpd + spawn-fcgi对比。
测试命令:
siege -c 1200 -r 20 http://localhost/phpinfo.php/usr/local/apache2/bin/ab -c 100 -t 50 http://localhost/phpinfo.php
php版本 5.4.6,测试代码phpinfo();
apache + php module:php文件63.57k,gzip压缩为11.21k
测试结果:
并发 | 整机512M内存使用率 | CPU使用率 | iowait |
0 | 29% | 0 | 0 |
100 | 68% | 8% | 0 |
200 | 72% | 10% | 0 |
400 | 95% | 10% | 0 |
600 | 99% | 15% | 1-15 |
nginx + php-fpm(多个php-fpm子进程):php文件57.41k,gzip压缩为10.84k
phpinfo显示Server API:FPM/FastCGI
fastcgi的socket方式:tcp socket
php编译参数:
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./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php-fpm --enable-fpm --with-fpm-user=www-data --with-fpm-group=www-data --with-curl --with-mcrypt --enable-mbstring --enable-pdo --with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd --with-mysqli=mysqlnd --enable-zip
测试结果:
并发 | 整机512M内存使用率 | CPU使用率 | iowait | siege成功率 |
0 | 33% | 0 | 0 | |
100 | 37% | 8% | 0 | 100% |
200 | ||||
400 | 45% | 10% | 0 | 99.96% |
800 | 55% 14个php-fpm,每个5.9M | 12% | 0 | 96.31% |
1000 | 60% | 10% | 0 | 90.77% |
1200 | 69%,Linux file限制,测试出错 | 30% |
nginx + php-fpm(多个php-fpm子进程):php文件54.57k,gzip压缩为9.16k
phpinfo显示Server API:FPM/FastCGI
fastcgi的socket方式:unix domain socket
测试结果:
并发 | 整机512M内存使用率 | CPU使用率 | iowait | siege成功率 |
0 | 32% | 0 | 0 | |
100 | 35% | 7% | 0 | 100% |
200 | 40% | 12% | 0 | 100% |
400 | 43% | 14% | 0 | 100% |
800 | 55% | 14% | 0 | 96.70% |
1000 | 60% 21个php-fpm,每个5.9M | 14% | 0 | 92.02% |
1200 | 50%,Linux file限制,测试出错 | 50% | 0 | 49% |
nginx + 一个php-cgi:php文件64.65k,gzip压缩为11.89k
sudo /usr/local/php-fpm/bin/php-cgi -b 9000 -q
php-cgi可以常驻(long-live)监听一个端口,所以是fastcgi,但是由于没有进程管理器,只能启动一个进程,并发承受力低。
phpinfo显示Server API:FPM/FastCGI
测试结果:
并发100时,经过5秒,php-cgi崩溃退出。
lighttpd + lighttpd自带的spawn-fcgi进程管理器(多个php-cgi子进程):php文件58.68k,gzip压缩为9.83k
phpinfo显示Server API:CGI/FastCGI
fastcgi的socket方式:unix domain socket
lighttpd的fastcgi.conf配置:
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22 fastcgi.server = ( ".php" => 23 ( "php-local" => 24 ( 25 "socket" => socket_dir + "/php-fastcgi-1.socket", 26 "bin-path" => "/usr/local/php-fpm/bin/php-cgi", 27 "max-procs" => 2, 28 "broken-scriptfilename" => "enable", 29 "bin-environment" => ( 30 "PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN" => "16", 31 "PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS" => "500", 32 ), 33 ) 34 ),
测试结果:
并发 | 整机512M内存使用率 | CPU使用率 | iowait | siege成功率 |
0 | 53% 34个php-cgi进程,每个3M | 0 | 0 | |
100 | 65% 每个5.3M | 10% | 0 | |
200 | 65% 每个5.7M | 10% | 0 | 100% |
400 | 72% 每个5.7M | 11% | 0 | 100% |
800 | 84% 每个5.7M | 10% | 0 | 99.49% |
1000 | 90% 每个5.7M | 12% | 0 | 97.41% |
1200 | Linux file限制,测试出错 |
参考资料: